English Material

Quantitative Adjective

Kata sifat yang menerangkan jumlah suatu benda

Many (banyak)

Digunakan bersama countable noun (benda yang dapat dihitung)

• Ahok doesn't have many motorcycle
• There aren't many Indonesians in Chinese
• Many pilots is sleeping during flight

Much

Digunakan bersama uncountable noun (benda yang tidak dapat dihitung)

• We don't have much courage to face those motorbike gang
• Superman didn't have much power to destroy Cryptonite Stone
• Lucy would buy much sugar yesterday, but she was not have enough money

A lot of 

Dapat digunakan untuk countable and uncountable noun

• A lot of strangers was asking me about direction to Merpati Street
• Mother would love to buy a lot of milk, but she didn't have enough money yesterday
• Shall we buy a lot of salt for next week event ?

Lots of

• There is lots of hope on Superman shoulder
• Lots of foreigner is visiting Indonesia every year

Plenty of

• She has plenty of books in her house
• That street crosser has plenty of risk right now

A great many

• I saw a great many fish in the Bunaken Sea
• We could buy great many of ping-pong ball if you wanted it

A great deal of

Digunakan untuk countable noun

• We want a great deal of kerupuk for Indonesian Liberation Day

Few

• Just few minutes left before the match ended

A Few

• For a few times I already said, please send me a letter

Little

• A little pray in the morning is more than enough for a day hardness

English Material

Gerund

Gerund adalah kata kerja yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda. Atau dapat juga dikatakan kata kerja yang dibendakkan

Infinitive + Ing

• Playing
• Cutting
• Hitting
• Dancing
• Swimming
• etc.

Contoh perbedaan kalimat yang menggunakan gerund dan present participle dapat dilihat di bawah ini :

1. Running on the track is my daily activity (gerund)
2. I am running on the track routinely (present participle)
3. Judging people by the cover isn't good thing to do (gerund)
4. He judging people by the cover only and that's very rude (present participle)

Sebagai kata benda, gerund dapat didahului oleh kata sandang (article), kata ganti kepunyaan/kepemilikan(possesive pronoun), kata ganti tunjuk(demonstrative pronoun), dan juga kata sifat (adjective)

• The Interpreter has terribly owning the conversation between Qatar's and Indonesia's delegation
• Robin don't happy about the bad singing 
• The parking site is already filled
• The barking hound is really scary

Gerund sebagai subject

Gerund dapat berdirisendiri atau berbentuk sebagai frasa

• Dancing is one of July hobby
• Reading a fiction book is my monthly routine
• Praying five times a day is what moslem do

Gerund sebagai Object

Object of Verb

• I miss eating breakfast this morning
• I start reading a book before sleep 
• we enjoy spending time together in Ubud,

Object of Preposition

• Don't be late in sending the e-mail
• Please be careful on walking at school corridor

English Material

Elliptical Sentences

Gabungan dua kalimat/klausa yang berbeda subyeknya, tetapi perdikatnya sama. Kalimat ini digunakan untuk menghindari. Kalimat ellip menggunakan too, so, either, neither, dan but.

Pola Kalimat menggunakan too, so, either, neither, dan but

... + ... , and + Subject + Auxiliry + Too 

... + ... , and + So + Auxiliry + Too

• Apples falls from that box, and tangerines us too
• Monkey D. Luffy laughs with Usopp, and so is Sanji

... + ... , and + Subject + Auxiliary + Not + Either

... + ... , and + Neither + Auxiliary + Subject

• Robin don't visit Indonesia and Batman not either
• Superman don't need to use airplane and neither do Gatot Kaca

... + ... , but + Subject + Auxiliary + Not

... + ... , but + Subject + Auxiliary

Apabila klausa pertama positif, maka auxiliary ditambah dengan not. Sedangkan, apabila klausa pertama negatif, maka auxiliarynya tidak ditambah not.

• Naruto Uzumaki trains ninjutsu everyday, but Harry Potter don't
• Ipin don't plays DOTA 2, but I do

English Material

Impersonal It

It yang tidak memiliki fungsi menggantikan kata benda. Impersonal it digunakan sebagai subject yang menyatakan cuaca, jarak, waktu, dsb.

Pola Kalimat yang Digunakan 

It + To Be + Adjective/Noun + To-infinitive

• It is scary to jump from the cliff for bungee jumping
• It is important to learn Indonesian History
• It is good to learn English in early age
• It is very far to visit grandfather's grave 
• It is a great idea to pee before travelling
• It is beautiful dress to see
• It is nothing to do here

English Material

Subjunctive

Kalimat yang menyatakan suatu harapan atau keinginan yang tidak terpenuhi/sesuai dengan kenyataan

Pola kalimat 

I Wish / If Only + Simple Past Tense / Past Perfect Tense

Subject + Would Rather + Simple Past Tense/ Past Perfect Tense

• I wish i could help you
• They wish they had seen the movie
• Rudi wish he not bought that chair
• If only we came earlier to hospital
• If only you had been here
• We would rather she had made the cake
• Billy would rather Robin wasn't here
• Luis Suarez would rather Edison Cavani Played at Camp Nou

English Material

Conditional Sentences

Kalimat yang mengandaikan sesuatu atau bisa disebut kalimat pengandaian. Conditional sentence selalu berbentuk majemuk (compound sentece). Induk kalimat (Main clause) dihubungkan dengan anak kalimat (subordinate clause) menggunakan kata hubung if.

Tiga Bentuk Kalimat Pengandaian

Future Possible or Future Conditional Sentence 

Main clause (Simple Future Tense) + Subordinate clause (Simple Present Tense)

• We shall overcome the trouble if we are rich
• Robin'll open the door for you if she at home
• the dog'll bark at night unless chase away the dog
• Emi can pass the exam if she studies hard

Present Unreal or Present Conditional Sentence

Kalimat yang digunakan untuk mengkhayalkan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan kenyataan yang ada

Main clause (Future Past Tense) + Subordinate clause (Simple Past Tense)

• We should sleep last night if my neighbours weren't such a nuisance
• I would come if she weren't here last night

Past Unreal or Past Conditional Sentence

Kalimat yang mengandaikan suatu perbuatan masa lampau

Main clause (Future Perfect Tense) + Subordinate clause (Past Perfect Tense)

• I should have been a doctor if i had studied hard
• Rudi would have visit me twice if he had got Jakarta-Surabaya airplane ticket last month
• We shouldn't have lost in bandung if we had check maps.google.com

Conditional Without IF

Kalimat pengandaian tanpa kata penghubung "if" dapat digantikan dengan :

• On condition that      =  dengan syarat bahwa
• Provided that            = asalkan
• As long as                = selama, asalkan

• I'll help you as long as i am not busy
• Your parent's will support you on condition that you obey the rule
• Robin would marry her provided that she loved Robin

English Material

Direct Speech

Kalimat yang mengutip atau menirukan langsung secara sama apa yang dibicarakan tanpa mengubah susunan kata-kata sedikitpun

Direct speech terdiri dari dua bagian yaitu :

1. Reporting verb = kata kerja yang melaporkan
2. Reported words = kata-kata yang dilaporkan

Example :

• Robin Says, "I'll go to Al-Aqsa Mosque tomorrow".
• Luis Suarez says, "I'll go back to Liverpool FC after two years at Barcelona FC".

Hal-hal yang harus diperhatikan pada bentuk direct speech

1. Reporting verbdengan reported words dipisahkan oleh tanda koma
2. Reported words ditulis di dalam tanda kutip
3. Letak dari reporting verb dapat di akhir kalimat

Example :

• "I'll go to Al-Aqsa mosque tomorrow", Robin says.
• "I'll go back to Liverpool FC after two years at Barcelona FC", Suarez Says.

English Material

Active Voice

Kalimat yang subyeknya berbuat sesuatu atau melakukan suatu pekerjaan tertentu

Example : 

• Sabine Plays Volleyball
• We sing a song together
• The dog bites the ball

Passive Voice

Kalimat yang subyeknya dikenai suatu pekerjaan atau menderita sesuatu

Example :

• Volleyball is played by Sabine
• The ball is bitten by the dog
• A song is sung together by we

Syarat yang harus dimiliki active voice untuk menjadi passive voice

• Harus memiliki objek
• Subjek dan objek bertukar posisi
• Kata kerja pasif berbentuk past participle V3 dengan tambahan to be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) dan diikuti oleh by { to be + past participle }
• Apabila berbentuk continuous, maka predikatnya { to be + being + past participle V3}
• Susunan kalimatnya harus sesuai dengan tenses (bentuk waktu)

Tenses

Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang seharusnya sudah sedang berlangsung pada suatu waktu tertentu di masa lampau

Pola kalimat positif dan tanya

Subject + Should/Would + Have Been + Infinitive + ing

• I should have been playing tennis for three months by last July
• July would have been watching TV programs for 24 hours straight by yesterday
• Robin would have been sleeping for twelve hours by last morning

Should/Would + Subject + Have Been + Infinitive + ing

• Would she have been coaching Manchester United for two months by last March?
• Should we have been playing DOTA 2 for 48 hours straight by last hour?
• Should i have been paying your student fee for five years by last semester ?

Time signal

• by last year
• by last January
• by last hour

Tenses

Future Past Perfect Tense

Menyatakan tindakan yang akan telah selesai di masa lampau dan perbuatan tersebut telah lengkap pada suatu waktu di masa lampau

Pola kalimat tanya positif, tanya, dan nominal

Subject + Should/Would + Have + Past Participle

• We should have graduated if i had studied hard
• They would have bought the sword if they had have enough money
• June wouldn't have kicked from school if she had studied diligently

Should/Would + Subject + Have + Past Participle ?

• Should I have swum at Marcopolo pool you have invited Robin?
• Would you have bought birthday cake for me if you haven't enough money?

Subject + Should/Would + Have Been  + Non Verb

• Luis Suarez Wouldn't have been sick if he had trained with proper portion
• Marina Sharapova would have been in German last week if he hadn't played at Wimbledon
• I should have been happy if I had worked hard

Tenses

Future Past Continuous Tense

Menyatakan perbuatan yang akan sedang berlangsung di masa lampau, tetapi tidak dilaksanakan

Pola kalimat positif dan tanya

Subject + Should/Would + Be + Infinitive + ing

Apabila digunakan dengan non verb maka gunakan kata being yang menggantikan kata kerja

• We should be swimming at Jungle Bogor at tomorrow afternoon
• She would be teaching Math last afternoon if she didn't get any trouble on the way
• Robin would be being a doctor two years ago if she didn't get any trouble

Should/Would + Subject + be + Infinitive + Ing ?

• Should we be swimming at Jungle Bogor at tomorrow zfternoon?
• Would she be teaching Math last afternoon?
• Should I be cutting the tree last week if I didn't get any trouble on the process?

Time Signal

• In March last year
• In July last year
• In Monday last week
• at eight o'clock yesterday
• at fire o'clock yesterday

Tenses

Future Past Tense

Future past tense adalah tense yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang direncanakan akan dilakukan pada masa lampau

Pola kalimat positif, tanya, to be going to, dan nomina

Subject + Should/Would + Infinitive

Should digunakan untuk subject I dan We sedangkan Would digunakan untuk subject He, She, It, dan They

• We should come here for a lunch yesterday but it was raining
• She would bring me a milk yesterday morning, but i wasn't at home
• I should learn programming a year ago, but i didn't have time
• Your parent's would buy you an iPhone a year ago, but they got tight budget

Should/Would + Subject + Infinitive ?

bentuk ini juga menyatakan suatu permintaan yang halus dan sopan

• Should I pour a new wine for you?
• Would you buy me an oxygen water for my treatment?
• Should we leave this party after next show?

Subject + Were/Was + Going To + Infinitive

• I was going to come here for a lunch yesterday, but it was raining
• She was going to bring me a milk yesterday morning, but i wasn't at home
• I was going to learn programming a year ago, but i didn't have time
• Your parent's were going to buy an iPhone for you, but they got tight budget last year

Subject + Should/Would + Be + Non Verb

• They would be rich if they worked hard
• I should be an engineer if i studied harder
• We shouldn't be an joblessness if we got graduate from college

Tenses

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Bentuk waktu akan datang selesai sedang berlangsung suatu perbuatan atau keadaan yang telah sedang dilakukan atau terjadi pada suatu saat di masa yang akan datang.

Pola kalimat biasa dan tanya : 

Subject + Shall + Have Been + Infinitive + ing

• We  shall have been sleeping for three hours when you come at 1 a.m. tonight
• They will have been staying at Paris for a year at February 2014
• Rudi will have been studying Politic Education for one semester when summer arrive
• He won't have been playing for 24 hours straight by 4 p.m. 

Shall/Will + Subject + Have Been + Infinitive + ing ?

• Will they have been playing football for two hours when he comes tonight?
• Shan't I have been studying math when you come tonight?
• Won't Rudi have been watching TV program when his parent's leave tomorrow?
• Who will have been playing World of Warcraft at 10 PM tonight ?

Time Signal

• by ten a.m. tomorrow
• by the end of this year
• by seven o'clock tonight
• by next January

Tenses

Future Perfect Tense

Menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah selesai dilakukan pada waktu mendatang

Kalimat verbal, tanya, dan nomina

Subyek + Shall/Will + Have + Past Participle

• We shall have finished this project next week
• He won't have cleared this level tomorrow
• Robin shan't have eaten my wedding cake's tomorrow eve

Shall/Will + Subject + Have + Past Participle ?

• Will she have finished her work tomorrow ?
• Shan't i have cut those bushes next Sunday ?
• Shant't we have taken IELTS test next semester ? 

Subject + Shall/Will + Have Been + Non Verb

• Jude will have been in Bandung tomorrow
• I shan't have been sick for next test at the day after tomorrow

Tenses

Perfect Continuous Tense

Tenses yang digunakan untuk sesuatu yang sedang berlangsung di masa mendatang, dan juga ketika ada perbuatan lain berlangsung.

Pola kalimat biasa dan tanya :

Subject + Shall/Will + be + Infinitive + ing ?

• I shall be playing DOTA 2 if Robin come at 7 O'clock tonight
• We shall be praying for Liverpool FC if Luiz Suarez leave to Barcelona at June
• Sentinel militia will be stop ceasing fire if Scourge stop launcing rocket to their's land
• We shan't be forgiving Jude if her husband's get caught because of her

Shall/Will + Subject +be + Infinitive + ing ?

• Will she be coming tonight if you stay at neighbour's home tonight ?
• Shall we be playing DOTA 2 tomorrow if Robin, June, and Jude come to my house ?

Time Signal

Time signal adalah tanda waktu yang sering digunakan

• at this tomorrow
• at 7 O'clock tonight
• at this time next year